-License Fees vs. Linux Hype: and the Winner is...-
by Gary Lawrence Murphy
Don't Believe the FUD ... or the Hype
While Microsoft spreads fear, uncertainty and doubt (FUD) over free software,
the advocates often oversell community software on pure enthusiasm; there are
truths on both sides. You can't blame the geeks who laboured years without recognition,
budgets or marketing: By their ideas alone, whole governments are now choosing
their work over wares honed by the world's richest vendors! Between the FUD and
the hype, there are community alternatives for most business needs, but there
are also rough edges.
Capability is not Usefulness
Evaluating community alternatives can easily get mired in hype. Voicemail is a
one example: apologists offer "mgetty" for voicemail and fax, and mgetty is a
very good voicemail/fax/modem driver, but it is only a driver. We are left to
evaluate the control programs by fetching, installing and testing each one, only
to discover even a partial solution requires a delicate interleave of all of them.
Hours of fun for the after-work tinkerer, tedious and expensive when you're paying
by the hour.
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Opensource on the Desktop
Unlike server administrators who will face completely alien consoles migrating
from NT, an MsOffice and MSIE user will easily slip into StarOffice and Mozilla;
the dominant Linux desktops are very similar to Windows. It's pretty easy.
StarOffice provides an office suite which also emulates MsAccess, but there are
pits. StarOffice does not really operate on Office files, it /imports/ them. Conversions
can occasionally lose format information; editing and saving MsOffice files actually
saves new files filtered through two nearly-perfect conversions. Also, while you
can create /equivalent/ complex documents, you cannot trade macros or embedded
features with MsOffice users. This is not unique to StarOffice, and it's no worse
than Corel Office.
The Browser Wars: Episode II
The new Mozilla does truly rock. Mozilla provides your browser and email, and
even proprietary plug-ins like Quicktime and Director will play if you purchase
the CodeWeaver adapter. That's the good news.
The bad news verges on conspiracy. Because the protocols are proprietary, Mozilla
email cannot use your Exchange server; you need the Bynari client for that. Mozilla
javascript is also not completely compatible with MSIE; many web pages reject
non-Microsoft browsers and while these hooks may be side-effects of site construction
tools, many webmasters are unwilling to fix them. If you use a web browser, be
prepared for rejections.
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The Fuzzy Fringes of the Desktop
Most Linux distributions already include Mozilla and the free StarOffice from
openoffice.org. Most business users will probably download newer revisions of
Mozilla, and the $75 StarOffice bundle from Sun will include more format converters,
fonts, printer drivers and other essential bits. That covers your mainstream use.
Our Linux desktops mostly fail on multimedia and device support. You can still
write articles while listening to Mahler, but that's about as far as it goes.
MP3s mysteriously stop, MIDI requires tweaking and although esound can mix sound
sources, popular programs like RealPlayer do not use it. There is limited support
for many PDAs and MP3 players, digital cameras and webcams, printers, scanners
and DVD, and many web object formats require the proprietary CodeWeaver adaptor.
The list goes on.
Many problems are fixable and advocates will offer lists of alternate software,
but this is only useful if you have the time, patience and inclination. Linux
distributors too often include unfinished software to fill out the package, and
are too keen to feature-list hot keyword capabilities. Even when advertised on
the box and installed by default, the bundled software is not necessarily "best
of breed" ... or even functional.
There is no "Linux"
Some problems arise because there is no real "Linux" O/S in the same sense as
"Windows" or "OS/X": Each kit is a compendium of independent projects culled from
the Internet, bound only by the Linux kernel and the Free Software Foundation
libraries.
This diversity is attractive, but leads to conflicts. The same happens in Windows
too, but since Microsoft starts with a minimal configuration created in-house,
and since most of us install little or no third-party software, we rarely encounter
conflicts. In Linux, almost all software is "third-party".
Despite this, Linux works, surprisingly well, all things considered. Quality assurance
teams, mostly customers volunteers, work hard to resolve rogue conflicts, but
its an ever-shifting landscape. When we stay within basic applications, these
conflicts are not a problem --- discouraging employee distractions may even be
a feature! --- but if you use external devices, sound or video, be prepared for
some tweaking.
Security by Transparency ... and by Ennui
Linux is virus-free, but there is nothing intrinsically virus-resistant about
Unix. While even Microsoft admits sourcecode transparency exposes security problems,
virus writers do not attack for two reasons: a Unix virus requires more technical
skill, and Unix and its vendors make boring targets because damage is limited.
Changing the Support Paradigm
Whether you switch or just replace servers and office tools, you will need support
and here's where you will find the most culture shock: We do not /buy/ free software
support, we _participate_ in it.
Participation is essential. You can, of course, /buy/ traditional support contracts,
and IBM, Caldera, MandrakeSoft and RedHat and even our own teledyn.com make a
lucrative business selling support, but delegating this away to a consultant trashes
your investment because you make no strategic friends, and you lose control.
Welcome to Community Software
Community software needs your participation. This is how it works. We're too accustomed
to letting faceless experts craft our tools, then sit back and complain how it
was not made the way we wanted, or the manual is obtuse, or the behaviour is not
quite right. With community software, the blame can only go on ourselves.
Everyone can contribute. All software needs training, documenting, tests and samples,
and these are tasks any user can do. Your time is not wasted because you are directly
shaping the tools you depend upon every day. Proprietary products only let us
influence by "voting with our feet"; in community software, we are all voting
shareholders.
The Crossroads
While community effects may be abstract, Microsoft's licensing puts tangible cash
value on staying put versus walking over to the community software camp. Two influential
papers on these cost comparisons are the US
Army MITRE report and the
Cybersource report. Both show us how community software can provide equivalent
service for less cost. You have to love that sort of cost/benefit result.
Cost comparisons are good, but they are still only for the mainstream case. Evaluating
community software for specialized needs can be tedious and wrought with misinformation,
broken pieces, parallel universes, near-fits and wishful thinking. I'm sure someone
will someday deliver a complete community desktop alternative, and Lindows and
MandrakeLinux are promising upstarts, but for practical purposes, Apple's OS/X
may have temporarily derailed Linux for the home and office desktop by providing
many of the benefits while retaining compatibility with the old Mac.
A community and proprietary mix with Linux servers and Windows or OS/X desktops
using StarOffice and Mozilla is the prudent compromise. This misses some community
benefits on the desktop and adds costs for multi-platform support, but this hybrid
can be rolled out incrementally with the fewest heart-aches. As for the pure-Linux
office, to paraphrase Tim O'Leary, "I can't endorse the use of free software,
but I can say that it worked for me."
Author, consultant, husband, father and sometime folksinger, Gary Lawrence Murphy
is president and principle consultant for Teledynamics Communications Inc (http://www.teledyn.com)
a community software and Internet professional services nanocorp based in the
Lake Huron shoreline forests of Sauble Beach Ontario.
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